Law enforcement officers and departments ballot measures

Voters have decided on law enforcement officers and departments ballot measures across the U.S. As a state ballot measure topic, this includes measures regarding law enforcement agencies and personnel, such as police departments, sheriff’s offices, officer hiring and training standards, and use of force. The topic is grouped within the criminal justice and law enforcement policy area.

This page provides information on:

• Related ballot measures
• Upcoming ballot measures
• Comprehensive list of ballot measures by year and state

Topic information

• State ballot measure topics
• Local ballot measure topics
• History of ballot measures by topic

Topic path

State ballot measure

Criminal justice and law enforcement policy

Law enforcement and corrections

Law enforcement officers and departments

Related ballot measures

Related state and local ballot measure topics

State ballot measures

Law enforcement funding Corrections governance

Local ballot measures

Local criminal justice and law enforcement policy

Explore more state ballot measure topics

Scroll to explore topics. Click a topic to view more information.

Budget and tax policy

Economic regulations Banking policy Business regulations Insurance policy Public economic investment policy Tax policy Business taxes Carbon taxes and fees Fees, licenses, and charges Food and beverage taxes Fuel taxes Income taxes Property taxes Property tax exemptions Sales taxes Severance taxes Tobacco and cigarette taxes Budget policy Balanced budget requirements Budget stabilization funds Debt limits Revenue allocation Revenue and spending limits Restricted-use funds Bond issues Bond issue requirements Tax and revenue administration

Criminal justice and law enforcement policy

Civil law and trials Civil trials Tort law Criminal sentences and trials Bail policy Criminal sentencing Criminal trials Death penalty Juvenile criminal justice Parole policy Drug regulations Alcohol laws Drug crime policy Marijuana laws Psychedelic substance laws Smoking bans Tobacco laws Law enforcement and corrections Corrections governance Law enforcement funding Law enforcement officers and departments Prison and jail funding Prison work regulations Crime victims' rights Dueling bans

Education policy

Higher education Higher education funding Higher education governance Public K–12 education Public education funding Public education governance Public school teachers and staff Religion in public schools School class size policy Early childhood education School choice policy

Election policy

Direct democracy Ballot measure supermajority requirements Ballot measure process Initiative and referendum process Recall process Electoral systems Cumulative voting Presidential electoral vote Primary election systems Proportional representation Ranked-choice voting Runoff elections Term limits Congressional term limits Executive official term limits Judicial term limits Local official term limits State legislative term limits Voting policy Absentee and mail voting Citizenship voting requirements Early voting Literacy, poll tax, and property voting requirements Primary election participation Race and suffrage Residency voting requirements Voter ID policy Voter registration Voting age policy Voting rights for persons with criminal convictions Women's suffrage Age limits for officials Campaign finance Election administration and governance Redistricting policy

Environment and energy policy

Energy policy Carbon emissions regulations Energy conservation and efficiency Energy market regulations Energy transmission projects Fossil fuel energy Hydroelectric energy Nuclear energy Solar and wind energy Hunting and fishing Fisheries and fishing regulations Game and fish commissions Hunting regulations Right to hunt and fish Natural disaster policy Earthquake infrastructure Flood infrastructure and management Storm infrastructure Wildfire management Agriculture policy Animal treatment laws Food policy Forestry and timber Mineral resources Parks, land, and natural area conservation Pollution, waste, and recycling policy

Governance policy

Administrative agencies Administrative organization Administrative powers and rulemaking Local government Local government organization Local government officials and elections Local government finance and taxes State constitutions Constitutional rights Constitutional wording changes State constitution ratification State constitutional conventions State executives Executive branch structure State executive elections State executive powers and duties State legislatures State legislative authority State legislative elections State legislative processes and sessions State legislative structure State legislative vote requirements State judiciary State judicial authority State judicial selection State judiciary oversight State judiciary structure Census policy Civil service Ethics rules and commissions Federal government issues Jury rules Impeachment rules Open meetings and public information Salaries of government officials State capitals State flags, symbols, and holidays Statehood Time standards

Infrastructure policy

Housing policy Homestead tax exemptions Housing assistance programs Housing development funding Rent control and regulations Transportation policy Airport infrastructure Highways and bridges Non-motorized transportation Ports and harbors Public transportation Railways Toll roads Transportation taxes and fees Vehicle and driver regulations Water infrastructure Drinking water systems Sewage and stormwater Water irrigation policy Water storage Eminent domain policy Land use and development policy Public land policy Telecommunications infrastructure Utility policy

Labor, healthcare, and public assistance policy

Labor union policy Collective bargaining Labor disputes and strikes Labor union deductions Right-to-work laws Healthcare policy Complementary and alternative healthcare Healthcare facility funding Healthcare governance Private health insurance Public health insurance Vaccinations and disease policy Work regulations Child labor regulations Gender-based labor regulations Minimum wage laws Paid sick leave laws Workers' compensation laws Working hours regulations Public assistance programs Public employee retirement funds Public works labor and contracting

Military and veteran policy

Defense-related funding Government continuity policy Military service policy Military-related advisory questions Nuclear weapons policy State National Guard and militia Veterans policy

Social issue policy

Abortion policy Affirmative action American Indian issues Assisted death policy Athletics and sports English language policy Family-related policy Firearms policy Gambling policy Immigration policy LGBTQ issues Race and ethnicity issues Religion-related policy Sex and gender issues Sexual content regulations Sunday regulations

Upcoming ballot measures

See also: 2026 ballot measures and 2027 ballot measures

The following is a list of state ballot measures related to this topic that are certified or potential for this year and future elections:

2026

1. Colorado Notification of U.S. Department of Homeland Security for Certain Criminal Charges and Immigration Status Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
2. Ohio Right to Civil Action Against Government Actors and Prohibit Immunity Defenses for Constitutional Violations Initiative (2026) - Potential

List of state ballot measures

Click the tabs to view state ballot measures related to this topic, organized by year or state.

Years

States

2026

1. Colorado Notification of U.S. Department of Homeland Security for Certain Criminal Charges and Immigration Status Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
2. Ohio Right to Civil Action Against Government Actors and Prohibit Immunity Defenses for Constitutional Violations Initiative (2026) - Potential

2024

1. Arizona Proposition 314, Immigration and Border Law Enforcement Measure (2024)
2. Utah Amendment C, Elections of County Sheriffs Amendment (2024)
3. Washington Initiative 2113, Remove Certain Restrictions on Police Vehicular Pursuits Initiative (2024)

2022

1. Montana C-48, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2022)

2020

1. Michigan Proposal 2, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2020)

2018

1. Florida Amendment 7, First Responder and Military Member Survivor Benefits, Supermajority Board Votes for College Fees, and State College System Amendment (2018)
2. Washington Initiative 940, Police Training and Criminal Liability in Cases of Deadly Force Measure (2018)

2016

1. Alabama Restriction of Police and Planning Jurisdiction in Calhoun County, Amendment 10 (2016)
2. Florida Amendment 3, Tax Exemptions for Disabled First Responders Measure (2016)

2012

1. California Proposition 35, Ban on Human Trafficking and Sex Slavery Initiative (2012)
2. Florida Amendment 9, Surviving Spouse Homestead Property Tax Exemption Amendment (2012)
3. Missouri Municipal Police Amendment, Proposition A (2012)

2002

1. Texas Proposition 1, Eliminate Vacant Constable Office Amendment (2002)

2000

1. Connecticut Question 1, Eliminate the County Sheriff System Amendment (2000)
2. Georgia Amendment 3, Compensation for Injured First Responders Amendment (2000)

1996

1. Colorado Referendum C, Qualifications for County Sheriff Amendment (1996)

1995

1. Texas Proposition 8, County Office of Constable Amendment (1995)

1994

1. Alabama Lee County Municipalities Amendment (1994)

1989

1. New York Proposal 1, Acts of a Sheriff Amendment (1989)

1988

1. South Carolina Age and Qualifications of Sheriffs, Amendment 3 (1988)

1987

1. New Jersey Public Question No. 6 (1987)

1986

1. New Mexico Ballot Proposal: Enhance Law Enforcement (1986)

1984

1. Kentucky Term Limits on Sheriffs, Amendment 1 (1984)

1982

1. Michigan Proposal B, Michigan Department of State Police Initiative (1982)
2. Wisconsin Question 1, County Responsibility for Acts of Sheriff Amendment (April 1982)

1980

1. Georgia Amendment 6, Indemnification for First Responders Measure (1980)

1978

1. Indiana County Sheriff Term Limits, Amendment 2 (1978)
2. Michigan Proposal G, Collective Bargaining for State Troopers Initiative (1978)

1976

1. Georgia Amendment 11, Sheriff Training Requirements Measure (1976)

1972

1. Oregon Measure 2, County Sheriff Qualifications Amendment (1972)

1970

1. Louisiana Law Enforcement Officers Amendment (1970)
2. Tennessee Sheriffs' Term Limits, Amendment 1 (1970)

1967

1. Oklahoma State 446, Authorization for Legislatively Established Pardon and Parole Board Amendment (May 1967)

1966

1. Texas Proposition 6, Assistance for Families of Law Enforcement Officers and Firemen Killed in the Line of Duty Amendment (1966)

1962

1. Georgia Amendment 5, Peace Officer Compensation Amendment (1962)
2. New Jersey Public Question No. 1 (1962)

1961

1. Wisconsin Question 2, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1961)

1960

1. Utah Petition 1, Establish Merit Systems for the Employment of Deputy Sheriffs Initiative (1960)

1959

1. Kentucky Sheriff Succession Referendum (1959)

1958

1. Washington Initiative 23, Civil Service Status for Sheriff's Employees Measure (1958)

1956

1. New Jersey Public Question No. 1 (1956)
2. Wisconsin Question 3, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1956)

1952

1. Alabama County Sheriff, Amendment 2 (1952)

1946

1. Wisconsin Question 1, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1946)

1944

1. Alabama Election of the Sheriff, Amendment 4 (1944)

1938

1. Missouri Amendment 9, Succession of Sheriffs and Coroners Initiative (1938)

1932

1. Alabama Regarding the County Sheriff, Amendment 3 (1932)
2. Nebraska Initiative 1, Public Safety Commission Initiative (1932)

1930

1. Missouri Proposition 7, Succession of Sheriffs and Coroners Initiative (1930)

1929

1. Wisconsin Question 2, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1929)

1928

1. Missouri Proposition 2, Police Pensions Initiative (1928)

1926

1. Michigan Office of County Sheriff Amendment (1926)
2. Missouri Proposition 2, Police Pensions Initiative (1926)

1922

1. South Dakota Referred Law 2, State Constabulary Abolition Referendum (1922)
2. Wisconsin Question 1, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (1922)

1920

1. North Dakota State Sheriff Referendum (1920)

1917

1. Maine Question 2, Removal of Sheriffs Amendment (September 1917)

1916

1. Maryland Sheriff Elections, Amendment 3 (1916)

1914

1. Colorado Measure 12, Appointment of Peace Officers Referendum (1914)
2. Missouri Proposition 12, Mayoral Appointed Board of Police Commissioners Referendum (1914)

1912

1. Missouri Amendment 8, Procedure for a Grand Jury Investigation of Elections Initiative (1912)

1910

1. Missouri Amendment 1, Police Pension Measure (1910)

1908

1. Nevada State Police Bill Referendum (1908)

1894

1. Nevada State Question 33, Board of State Prison Commissioners Amendment (1894)

Alabama

1. Alabama County Sheriff, Amendment 2 (1952)
2. Alabama Election of the Sheriff, Amendment 4 (1944)
3. Alabama Lee County Municipalities Amendment (1994)
4. Alabama Regarding the County Sheriff, Amendment 3 (1932)
5. Alabama Restriction of Police and Planning Jurisdiction in Calhoun County, Amendment 10 (2016)

Arizona

1. Arizona Proposition 314, Immigration and Border Law Enforcement Measure (2024)

California

1. California Proposition 35, Ban on Human Trafficking and Sex Slavery Initiative (2012)

Colorado

1. Colorado Measure 12, Appointment of Peace Officers Referendum (1914)
2. Colorado Notification of U.S. Department of Homeland Security for Certain Criminal Charges and Immigration Status Initiative (2026) - On the ballot
3. Colorado Referendum C, Qualifications for County Sheriff Amendment (1996)

Connecticut

1. Connecticut Question 1, Eliminate the County Sheriff System Amendment (2000)

Florida

1. Florida Amendment 3, Tax Exemptions for Disabled First Responders Measure (2016)
2. Florida Amendment 7, First Responder and Military Member Survivor Benefits, Supermajority Board Votes for College Fees, and State College System Amendment (2018)
3. Florida Amendment 9, Surviving Spouse Homestead Property Tax Exemption Amendment (2012)

Georgia

1. Georgia Amendment 11, Sheriff Training Requirements Measure (1976)
2. Georgia Amendment 3, Compensation for Injured First Responders Amendment (2000)
3. Georgia Amendment 5, Peace Officer Compensation Amendment (1962)
4. Georgia Amendment 6, Indemnification for First Responders Measure (1980)

Indiana

1. Indiana County Sheriff Term Limits, Amendment 2 (1978)

Kentucky

1. Kentucky Sheriff Succession Referendum (1959)
2. Kentucky Term Limits on Sheriffs, Amendment 1 (1984)

Louisiana

1. Louisiana Law Enforcement Officers Amendment (1970)

Maine

1. Maine Question 2, Removal of Sheriffs Amendment (September 1917)

Maryland

1. Maryland Sheriff Elections, Amendment 3 (1916)

Michigan

1. Michigan Office of County Sheriff Amendment (1926)
2. Michigan Proposal 2, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2020)
3. Michigan Proposal B, Michigan Department of State Police Initiative (1982)
4. Michigan Proposal G, Collective Bargaining for State Troopers Initiative (1978)

Missouri

1. Missouri Amendment 1, Police Pension Measure (1910)
2. Missouri Amendment 8, Procedure for a Grand Jury Investigation of Elections Initiative (1912)
3. Missouri Amendment 9, Succession of Sheriffs and Coroners Initiative (1938)
4. Missouri Municipal Police Amendment, Proposition A (2012)
5. Missouri Proposition 12, Mayoral Appointed Board of Police Commissioners Referendum (1914)
6. Missouri Proposition 2, Police Pensions Initiative (1926)
7. Missouri Proposition 2, Police Pensions Initiative (1928)
8. Missouri Proposition 7, Succession of Sheriffs and Coroners Initiative (1930)

Montana

1. Montana C-48, Search Warrant for Electronic Data Amendment (2022)

Nebraska

1. Nebraska Initiative 1, Public Safety Commission Initiative (1932)

Nevada

1. Nevada State Police Bill Referendum (1908)
2. Nevada State Question 33, Board of State Prison Commissioners Amendment (1894)

New Jersey

1. New Jersey Public Question No. 1 (1956)
2. New Jersey Public Question No. 1 (1962)
3. New Jersey Public Question No. 6 (1987)

New Mexico

1. New Mexico Ballot Proposal: Enhance Law Enforcement (1986)

New York

1. New York Proposal 1, Acts of a Sheriff Amendment (1989)

North Dakota

1. North Dakota State Sheriff Referendum (1920)

Ohio

1. Ohio Right to Civil Action Against Government Actors and Prohibit Immunity Defenses for Constitutional Violations Initiative (2026) - Potential

Oklahoma

1. Oklahoma State 446, Authorization for Legislatively Established Pardon and Parole Board Amendment (May 1967)

Oregon

1. Oregon Measure 2, County Sheriff Qualifications Amendment (1972)

South Carolina

1. South Carolina Age and Qualifications of Sheriffs, Amendment 3 (1988)

South Dakota

1. South Dakota Referred Law 2, State Constabulary Abolition Referendum (1922)

Tennessee

1. Tennessee Sheriffs' Term Limits, Amendment 1 (1970)

Texas

1. Texas Proposition 1, Eliminate Vacant Constable Office Amendment (2002)
2. Texas Proposition 6, Assistance for Families of Law Enforcement Officers and Firemen Killed in the Line of Duty Amendment (1966)
3. Texas Proposition 8, County Office of Constable Amendment (1995)

Utah

1. Utah Amendment C, Elections of County Sheriffs Amendment (2024)
2. Utah Petition 1, Establish Merit Systems for the Employment of Deputy Sheriffs Initiative (1960)

Washington

1. Washington Initiative 2113, Remove Certain Restrictions on Police Vehicular Pursuits Initiative (2024)
2. Washington Initiative 23, Civil Service Status for Sheriff's Employees Measure (1958)
3. Washington Initiative 940, Police Training and Criminal Liability in Cases of Deadly Force Measure (2018)

Wisconsin

1. Wisconsin Question 1, County Responsibility for Acts of Sheriff Amendment (April 1982)
2. Wisconsin Question 1, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (1922)
3. Wisconsin Question 1, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1946)
4. Wisconsin Question 2, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1929)
5. Wisconsin Question 2, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1961)
6. Wisconsin Question 3, Sheriff Term Limits Amendment (April 1956)

See also

State & Local Ballot Measures

Ballotpedia

Measures

• • State ballot measures
• • Local ballot measures
• • Analyses

Topics

• • State ballot measure topics
• • Local ballot measure topics

Laws

• • Laws governing ballot measures
• • Changes to laws governing ballot measures
• • Types of ballot measures
• • Ballot measure policy topics

History

• • Historical Ballot Measures (HBM) Factbooks
• • History of ballot measures by topic

Campaigns

• • Campaign finance
• • Endorsements
• • Polls

Footnotes

State ballot measures

State

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

By year

2026 • 2025 • 2024 • 2023 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2019 • 2018 • 2017 • 2016 • 2015 • 2014 • 2013 • 2012 • 2011 • 2010 • 2009 • 2008 • 2007 • 2006 • 2005 • 2004 • 2003 • 2002 • 2001 • 2000 • 1999 • 1998 • 1997 • 1996 • 1995 • 1994 • 1993 • 1992 • 1991 • 1990 • 1989 • 1988 • 1987 • 1986 • 1985 • 1984 • 1983 • 1982 • 1981 • 1980 • 1979 • 1978 • 1977 • 1976 • 1975 • 1974 • 1973 • 1972 • 1971 • 1970 • 1969 • 1968 • 1967 • 1966 • 1965 • 1964 • 1963 • 1962 • 1961 • 1960 • 1959 • 1958 • 1957 • 1956 • 1955 • 1954 • 1953 • 1952 • 1951 • 1950 • 1949 • 1948 • 1947 • 1946 • 1945 • 1944 • 1943 • 1942 • 1941 • 1940 • 1939 • 1938 • 1937 • 1936 • 1935 • 1934 • 1933 • 1932 • 1931 • 1930 • 1929 • 1928 • 1927 • 1926 • 1925 • 1924 • 1923 • 1922 • 1921 • 1920 • 1919 • 1918 • 1917 • 1916 • 1915 • 1914 • 1913 • 1912 • 1911 • 1910 • 1909 • 1908 • 1907 • 1906 • 1905 • 1904 • 1903 • 1902 • 1901 • 1900